Book Content

SORIN-CEZAR COŞOFREŢ

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Editura ELKADOT

-Iaşi, 2007-

COŞOFREŢ, SORIN CEZAR

Atomic structure / Sorin Cezar Coşofreţ. - Iaşi : Elkadot, 2007

Bibliogr.

ISBN 978-973-88407-3-7

539.18

ISBN 978-973-88407-3-7

Editura ELKADOT Iaşi

Contents

Introduction	1
The ten euro experiments	2
Chapter I Fundamental experiments in atomic physic	11
1.1 Davisson-Germer experiment	11
1.2 Scattering of high energy electrons	19
1.3 The Stern-Gerlach experiment	20
1.4 Space quantization and entanglement	27
1.5 Compton effect	33
1.6 Franck-Hertz experiment	38
1.7 The photoelectric effect	41
1.8 X-Ray spectra	44
1.9 Ionization energy	50
1.10 Blackbody radiation, electron diffraction and Heisenberg relations	58
Chapter II Atomic structure	59
2.1 Hydrogen atom structure	59
2.2 Law of forces and field structure in the theory of atom vortex	66
2.3 Angular and magnetic moments	70
2.4 Spin of “free” elementary particle	73
2.5 Structure of multielectron atoms	76
2.6 Zeeman effect	81
2.7 Building the periodic table	89
2.8 Periodicity low present and future	102
Chapter III Chemical bonds	105
3.1 Covalent bond	106
3.2 Coordinate (dative covalent) bond	135

3.3 Valence concept-Actual an proposed	147
3.4 Ionic bonds	150
3.5 Metallic bond	151
Chapter IV Electric property of matter	158
4.1 Direct current and alternate current	158
4.2 Conductors and insulators	167
4.3 Conductivity of materials at nanoscale dimensions	175
4.4 Semiconductor conduction	176
4.5 The Gunn effect and “Gunn” diode	182
4.6 Hall effect	184
4.7 Theory of super conductibility	187
4.8 Skin effect	198
4.9 Tunnel effect	200
4.10 Thermoelectric effect and contact potentials	201
4.11 Solution conductivity and electrolysis	203
Chapter V Magnetic property of matter	209
5.1 Magnetism of moving charge-Oersted experiments	209
5.2 Ampere’s law	212
5.3 Faraday’s law	216
5.4 Maxwell equations	218
5.5 Permanent magnetism	220
Chapter VI Further development-nuclear model	230
Bibliography	231